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José María Tranquilino Francisco de Jesús Velasco Gómez Obregón, generally known as José María Velasco, (Temascalcingo, 6 July 1840Mexico City, 26 August 1912) was a 19th-century Mexican polymath, most famous as a painter who made Mexican geography a symbol of national identity through his paintings. He was both one of the most popular artists of the time and internationally renowned. He received many distinctions such as the gold medal of the Mexican National Expositions of Bellas Artes in 1874 and 1876; the gold medal of the Philadelphia International Exposition in 1876, on the centenary of U.S. independence; and the medal of the Paris Universal Exposition in 1889, on the centenary of the outbreak of the French Revolution. His painting ''El valle de México'' is considered Velasco's masterpiece, of which he created seven different renditions. Of all the nineteenth-century painters, Velasco was the "first to be elevated in the post-Revolutionary period as an exemplar of nationalism."〔James Oles, ''Mexican Art and Architecture''. London: Thames and Hudson 2013, p. 187.〕 ==Career== Velasco studied art at the Academy of San Carlos under the professor of landscape, Italian Eugenio Landesio, who began teaching at the Academy in 1855.〔James Ole, ''Mexican Art and Architecture''. London: Thames & Hudson, 2013, p. 182.〕 Landesio raised landscape painting in Mexico to high art, and articulated theories of composition that he implemented in his landscapes. Velasco is his most famous pupil, who following his mentor's departure in 1877, dominated Mexican landscape painting and gained an international reputation, whose works became part of collections in the U.S.〔Oles, ''Mexican Art and Architecture'', p. 184.〕 Velasco's production can be classified into three periods: The academic years, from 1860 to 1889, that include ''La Plaza de San Jacinto en San Ángel'', ''Las montañas de la Magadalena'', ''La Alameda de México'', ''El bosque de Jalapa'', ''El Cedro de Chimalistac'' and ''El Ahuehuete de Chapultepec''. The period from 1890 to 1892, when he was in touch with French Impressionists, that includes ''Valle de Mexico desde el cerro de Atraeualco'' and ''Ajusco visto desde el Tepeyac''. Finally, a personal period from 1892 to 1912, that includes ''Rocas del cerro de Atzacoalco'', ''Pirámide del Sol en Teotihuacán'', ''Popocatepetl'', ''Ixtlaciual'', ''Templo de San Bernardo'', ''Cascada de Nevaxa'' and ''El Puente de Metlac''. Velasco was interested in science, and, as a student at the Academy of San Carlos studied zoology and botany at the nearby medical school; he also studied mathematics, geology, and surveying before becoming a student of painting.〔Oles, ''Mexican Art and Architecture'', p. 184.〕 In 1879, he described a new species of ''Ambystoma'' found in the Santa Isabel lake, north of Mexico City, and published his observations in the Mexican scientific journal ''La Naturaleza'' (La Naturaleza 4: 216). The new species was named by Velasco ''Siredon Tigrina''. In 1888 Alfredo Dugès (1826–1910) renamed the species and dedicated it to Velasco as ''Ambystoma velasci'' (see also Plateau Tiger Salamander). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「José María Velasco Gómez」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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